At I essentially am not in madness Essay

â€Å"That I essentially am not in madness, But mad in Craft† Consider the importance of pretence and acting in Hamlet. Do you entirely agree with Hamlet’s claim? The idea of a character feigning madness is commonplace in great literary works; many authors use it to show the sanity of a character. Shakespeare has used this idea throughout the play, Hamlet. In this masterpiece, there is much debate around the protagonist, Hamlet, and whether his madness was real or feigned: literary scholars have debated this for more than four hundred years. Shakespeare uses a theme of madness in this play to illustrate how one must use deception in order to deceive others to reach the truth. Thus, in this play, the tragic hero contemplates his own moral judgements and in the process is considered mad. Hamlet claims to feign his madness, as he says to Horatio and Marcellus in Act 1 Scene 5, â€Å"How strange or odd some’er I bear myself- As I perchance hereafter shall think meet To Put an antic disposition on. † This quote illustrates how Hamlet intends to pretend to be mad in order to reach the truth within this court, which Hamlet describes as, â€Å"out of joint,† which once again highlights the disordered state of affairs. However, society has an even greater effect on Hamlet because his madness could be a sign of his inability to determine between right and wrong and to make appropriate decisions in the context of his society. Towards the opening of the play, in Act 1 Scene 2, Hamlet says to his mother, Gertrude, â€Å"Nay it is. I know not what ‘seems’. † Thus, Hamlet is saying he does not what it is to pretend because he only knows what it is to be. This quotation is ironic because it is the crux of the scholarly dispute: if Hamlet only knows what it is to be, then his madness must be genuine. In Shakespearian society, it was commonly believed that when an individual told a lie they ended up believing it so strongly that they eventually started to live that lie. In this way, Hamlet is a young man who has suffered a series of unfortunate circumstances that could have propagated a descent into madness. Initially his attempt to feign madness could be considered as a method by which he can camouflage his inability to find an emotional catalyst to thrust him into a frenzied state of revenge: his response to the ghost’s revelation is relatively passive considering the repercussions it will have within the court. Thus, it would seem that perhaps his feigning of madness actually manifests itself in reality, as Hamlet struggles to distinguish between all the lies he is forced to tell and enters the spiralling mendacity within the court. In contrast to Hamlet, Ophelia subsequently develops a certainly genuine sanity due to the death of her father. Throughout the play, Ophelia is manipulated by Shakespeare, as a symbol of innocence because she is not part of the scheming, manipulative court; thus, her madness illustrates the effect on the innocent by those manipulating power. Ophelia herself says, â€Å"I was the more deceived,† talking with Hamlet of their love. Her madness may also be, to some degree, a product of her seemingly unrequited love for Hamlet. In Act 3 Scene 1, the parted lovers each illustrate their frustrations with the world and their argument may be responsible for sending both further into madness. Ophelia says, â€Å"O, what a noble mind is here o’erthrown,† which alludes to Hamlet’s emotional unbalance that has been poignantly reflected via Shakespeare’s change from his regular verse for Hamlet’s preceding tirade. This could be demonstrative of a whirlwind within Hamlet’s mind that causes him to abandon all rhyme and reason both mentally and in his expression of his thoughts. His rudeness and the confused emotions, which he presents before Ophelia may also lead to her later insanity and therefore, Hamlet may feel some guilt that further enhances his own mental instability. Hamlet’s claim in Act 3 Scene 4 to his mother, â€Å"That I essentially am not in madness, But mad in Craft,† would suggest that Hamlet still retains his purpose and motivation and has not started to live his lie. However, it could also be the ramblings of a lost and confused man, caught up in a spiral of emotions. The use of the word â€Å"craft† implies Hamlet’s cunningness in his approach to revenge. He appears to think he has manipulated himself so that he retains the upper hand: this can be reinforced by Shakespeare’s use of a play within a play in Act 3 Scene 2. The concept of a play within a play reinforces the idea of pretence and seeming. Hamlet’s directions to the players serve to illustrate the subtle balance acting and being. Hamlet feels that the â€Å"purpose of playing† is â€Å"to hold as ’twere the mirror up to nature: to show virtue her feature. † Therefore, acting in Hamlet’s eyes would be replicating emotions exactly, as though they were real. This is where Shakespeare manipulates the audience because Hamlet’s definition of successful playing may, also, therefore, be reflected in his pretence of madness. In order to feign madness, he must reflect nature exactly and it is here where the distinction becomes blurred because Hamlet himself is treading a fine line, as he attempts to sustain a pretence and thus, it becomes increasingly difficult to determine whether or not he is in fact still pretending as the play progresses. Shakespeare’s choice to make Hamlet conduct his own play is clearly an attempt to demonstrate Hamlet’s manipulative abilities and to a certain degree to still suggests that he has retained his sanity because it allows him to gauge the response of King Claudius before engaging in revenge. Therefore, this would suggest that Hamlet is a sly and slightly devious character, perhaps as much so as the rest of the court: however, fundamentally, it might indicate that he is acting logically and methodically via the theatre as his chosen medium. This innate subtly of his manipulation would suggest there is a certain â€Å"craft† to his revenge that is carefully calculated and thus, it is only his method which may seem extreme and it is not a reflection of his sanity. A defining scene that stimulates much scholarly dispute is Act 3 Scene 4, where the ghost reappears to Hamlet in the presence of his mother. The source of the dispute lies in whether on this occasion the ghost is real or simply a figment of Hamlet’s imagination because it is evident that Gertrude cannot see the ghost, â€Å"This is the very coinage of your brain. This bodiless creation ecstasy Is very cunning in. † Shakespeare could here be using Gertrude as a mouth piece, to lead the audience into believing Hamlet is now no longer feigning his madness. However, an important contrast with Ophelia’s madness is that she rambles and appears to have no rhyme or reason in the words she utters, whereas Hamlet maintains purpose and retains his factors of motivation, such as his resentment towards his mother and women in general. This scene is poignant in leading the audience towards their interpretation of Hamlet’s mental disposition and it is important to recognise that this can also be manipulated by the actors themselves and the way they perform this scene. It is a very emotionally charged scene and the use of dramatics and theatrical stage devices will have a certain influence on how Hamlet’s madness is perceived. In conclusion, Hamlet is an unbalanced individual thrown into a state of turmoil, as he has had his fears confirmed by the appearance of his father’s ghost. However, it would seem that Shakespeare, perhaps intentionally, has left a large degree of the interpretation of Hamlet’s â€Å"antic disposition† to the audience and to the artistic licence of the actors. Whilst this may not have been Shakespeare’s intention, as he is renowned for his perfectionism and influence on the performances of his plays, it has created a play that is still subject to much literary discussion and intense analysis, in order to settle one of literature’s greatest disputes: one that is likely never to be settled. However, by studying the text it seems that Hamlet is feigning his madness throughout the play but his exuberance and authenticity progresses along with the play. It is an insight in a mind filled with a whirlwind of emotions and Hamlet’s use of a play would appear to simply reflect his preference to use words rather than actions, as can be seen my many of the play on words he uses in his speech. Hamlet himself says that acting must be an accurate reflection of nature and therefore, Ophelia’s insanity may have provided inspiration, rather than sending him even further into his own madness. The most influential aspect of the play that has lead to this personal response is the contrast between Hamlet and Ophelia’s madness. Throughout the play he maintains a high level of thought and emotional complexity and responds to all the actions of those around him, which would suggest that he is not in a world of his own created by insanity. Instead he is continually able to refute allegations of insanity when he wants be listened and adhered to, â€Å"My pulse as yours doth temperately keep time, And makes as healthful music. It is not madness That I have utter’d. † Thus, it is difficult to reach a resounding decision on his â€Å"antic disposition† due to Shakespeare’s accurate portrayal of a complex web of emotions; however, ultimately, it would seem he desired to reflect the potential for confusion of emotions whilst maintaining the coherency of his tragic hero. Bibliography â€Å"Hamlet† by Shakespeare, edited by Roma Gill, M. A. Cantab. , B. Litt. Oxon. Published by Oxford University Press, 2002. Aniela Baseley 13Fo English Coursework 2005/6.

Reflection Management Style Essay

Yes, my definition of a manager has changed based on this weeks readings. At the beginning of the course I held the definition of a manager as a person who is in charge of a certain organization or firm. Based on this weeks reading, my definition of a manager has changed to a qualified person with specific qualities who is able to organize the resources in a firm during both the boom and the lean seasons in the business so as to ensure that the firm or organization is profitable. A manager should not only lead a firm but also be in a position to organize the factors of production in the organization in which he is a leader to ensure smooth running of the organization as well as high productivity (Cardy, 2008). I still agree with the good qualities of a manager originally identified. Some of the good qualities of a leader originally identified include the qualities that relate to personal characteristics as well as the business related characteristics. Some of the personal characteristics of a good manager originally identified include integrity. Unless a manager has integrity, an organization cannot run well. A good manager needs to have integrity so that he may be able to lead by example. This is by following rules and maintaining the virtues that help the organization to run well. Other qualities of a good manager identified originally include communication, reliability as well as motivation (Melinda, 2010). The business related qualities include the knowledge of the legal procedures, financial management skills, delegation skills among others. I would add qualities of a good leader such as flexibility. A good manager should be flexible so as to accommodate the many changes he might come across in course of management. These may include a change in the work environment. I do still agree with the poor qualities originally identified.  There are managers who portray very poor management qualities as identified originally. Some of the poor qualities of a leader identified include failure to communicate, dictatorship, disrespect as well as discrimination amongst employees. A poor manager will display qualities of poor management by showing discriminating among his employees. This means that the manager favours some of the employees. The discrimination brings about division in the organization hence no good team work (Jillyan, 2013). There are additional qualities that are portrayed by poorleaders. Some of these poor qualities include poor motivation habits where the manager does not reward his employees after any achievement. The lack of motivation is a great drawback to any organization and only the managers can correct by motivating their employees. The qualities of a manager change depending on the different situations they are in. For instance, the home environment of a manager could change the personal qualities of a good manager. For instance if a manager observes integrity in his leadership and in his home environment everybody is corrupt, he will be influenced by his people and stop observing integrity (Cardy, 2008). The results for the management quiz were not very successful but after going through the course reading the results are very promising. The results would change greatly as we learn more about management in this course. The course allows one to contemplate on the qualities portrayed by most managers and make him or her critical on these characteristics. References Cardy,R.(2008)Management : people, performance, change. Boston: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Jillyan, S. (2013). Qualities A Manager Should Have. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Melinda, H. (2010). Characteristics and Attributes of a Good Manager. Cincinnati: Wooster Press.

Internship report Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Internship report - Term Paper Example My role was just to check the billing details and enter the data correctly into the computer but when I saw some ambiguity in the record, I told my supervisor about that. When he checked the record, he made out that the customer has not made full payment and the sale was closed by mistake. Knowing the mistake in record, the supervisor unclosed the sale and called the customer to make the remaining payment. He also appreciated my effort in clearing the mistake. From this event, I learned that a person should work with full devotion in order to eliminate the chances of errors. The objectives, which I had set for the past 3 weeks of the internship period, were to understand all types of financial issues related to the mortgage company, to understand the decision-making style of the managers, and to understand the type of communication that takes place between the members of the work teams. I met my objectives by paying full concentration towards the roles, which were assigned to me. For example, I worked in the billing department, which provided me with a great chance to understand different financial issues of the company. I also worked with a team to write a professional blog about the market situation, which provided me with the chance to examine the type of communication that takes place between the group members. My objectives for the next three weeks include working as a team leader and closing maximum number of loans for the company. I think the way I am working for the company; my manager will surely provide me with the opportunity to work as a team leader in the finance department of the company. I can also meet the goal of closing maximum number of loans if I work with full dedication and interest as a team leader. I will measure my achievements by viewing my performance record maintained by the company. So, these were some of those objectives that I have set for the next

The Massachusetts experience with universal health coverage Term Paper

The Massachusetts experience with universal health coverage - Term Paper Example In fact, the Affordable Care Act on Obamacare universal insurance is based largely on the Massachusetts universal health care coverage (Kessler 1). Universal Health Care has an impact on the individuals of a society and implementing it guarantees better health of the people and productivity. Universal Health Care Universal health care is a system of health insurance in which the objective is to ensure that all individuals in the society or any jurisdiction have access to good health care. In most countries, health care is expensive to especially those who are considered below the poverty line - they are unable to access healthcare facilities as they cannot afford. The universal health-care plan promises to change all that by providing insurance to even the very poor. This healthcare is based on several principles, as discussed below. Provision to all Universal care is based on the fact that all people should have access to healthcare. This is regardless of whether they are rich, poor or are in the middle class. The plan has to be such that no person is unable to pay for healthcare services. The cost of the services is spread across all the people using the plan to ensure that all people can be able to make payment regardless of their social class. This is through several options provided to the individuals. Reduced direct spending: Direct payments made by individuals seeking healthcare services to providers are reduced. In this case, the individuals have to cost share the cost with the providers. This can be through co-payments, in which the individuals subscribe to be paying a specified fee per month, deductibles in which the individual is deducted a certain amount of money after a certain period like monthly, quarterly or half yearly depending on their specifications, coinsurance in which insurance is spread across several parties and unofficial payments to the provider at the time when seeking healthcare services (Universal health coverage 3). Prepayment Hea lth care has to be financed by some individuals at some point. In the case of universal health care, individuals who can afford to make contributions every now and then are encouraged to continue making contributions. The payments are made before hand, and it is not necessarily that a person is seeking healthcare services to make the payment. Contributions are made through taxes, payroll deductions, contribution premiums and donor contributions. The contributions can be organized in different ways depending on the jurisdiction (Universal health coverage 4). Risk Pooling: Universal healthcare is based on sharing the cost of healthcare facilities and services. In this case, the cost incurred by any individual when seeking health care services is spread across all individuals that have subscribed to the universal health care services. For the system to be more effective, more people are required to subscribe and make payments. This reduces the chances of fluctuations when services are being provided. When few people subscribe, there are times when the facilities may lack funds, especially when many people are seeking medical interventions at the same time (Universal health coverage 5). Considerations for universal healthcare success Universal healthcare has to be well considered for it to work out properly. The political landscape of the country is

Application of Ethical Theory to a Case Study Vignette Essay

Application of Ethical Theory to a Case Study Vignette - Essay Example The essay begins with that most ethical decisions possess enough clarity for individuals to decide on their course of action rather easily. This is because most of these issues often pit wrong against right. Deciding on whether to embezzle company money, for example, is not a real ethical dilemma since this is stealing. However, things can become murky when there is more than one vital responsibility, right, or value. In this case, one has to choose one unpleasant alternative. This can be defined as an ethical dilemma, where more than one value can be defined as right, thus causing a conflict. The firm, in response to a difficult economic climate, has taken a decision to restructure, which will involve selling off one less profitable operation and streamlining most of its support functions. Inevitably, this will cause compulsory layoffs at the firm. As part of the team working on this plan, Jagdeep knows that the plan is a top secret because it is price sensitive. Hannah is a colleag ue of his who also happens to be a former college-mate, and they often have drinks after work. Hannah, in charge of a five-member team, is eager to hear about the restructuring progress from Jagdeep over drinks one day, wanting to know if her team will be affected. This is of particular importance to her since she is very concerned for her employees and knows of their personal plans, such as two members who plan to take substantial new mortgages. Jagdeep finds himself in a dilemma, as he knows that two of her members are on the redundancy list. Jagdeep faces a real ethical dilemma. Two right values creating a conflict for Jagdeep in making this decision are loyalty and truthfulness. As the case shows, telling a friend the truth would show disloyalty to the firm that pays his perks and treats him well. The paper explores theoretical approaches to making ethical decisions. The approaches are not perfect and may lead to differing conclusions. Using various approaches will help Jagdeep think comprehensively and carefully about various dilemmas and to prevent him from coming to accident-prone conclusions. At the least, Jagdeep can have a degree of satisfaction from thinking thoroughly about the issue and analyzing it from all possible angles. Jagdeep can also explain the process of decision making if asked by both parties in the future. Consequentialist Theory The consequatialist theory can also be referred to as the teleological theory (Banks, 2011: p34). When Jagdeep is attempting to decide on whether telling Hannah is wrong o r right, the theory puts more focus on the consequence of the action or decision. One the best-known Consequentialist theory is utilitarianism. According to utilitarianism, ethical decisions need to maximize societal benefits, as well as minimize any harm it may cause. In this theory, what is of importance is the net balance the good consequences over those that are bad, overall. The utilitarian approach to Jagdeep’s dilemma would involve the identification of all affected stakeholders in the situation and seeking alternative action and the consequences, benefits and harms, for each stakeholder. A stakeholder is understandably any individual or group of individuals that have a stake with the restructuring plan at Jagdeep’s firm. In Jagdeep’s situation, this includes his friend Hannah, Hannah’s colleagues, his boss, Jagdeep himself, other co-workers, and the firm. The list is quite long, making the consequences even far-reaching, whether he told Hannah abo ut the laying off, of her team members or not. The Consequentialist approach needs Jagdeep to perform a mental calculation of all benefits and harms of the resulting consequences, considering each stakeholder individually (Griseri & Seppala, 2010: p46). What would be the consequence of Jagdeep telling Hannah what he knows of the lay-off? What

What it feels like to skydive Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

What it feels like to skydive - Essay Example Then there is a downward acceleration, where someone falls with no expectation to land. This occurs at high speeds of about 150 miles per hour and surprisingly, it is hard to feel the speed (Mattern, 2010). At one moment, it feels like there is zero gravity where there is a floating sensation. After a while, an individual realizes that there is an upward push from the strength of the wind. The environment is contradictory because it is calm and so loud at the same time. After a successful adventure, it is time to pull the chute. This immediately changes the excitement and the mood of the experience. The chute goes down in a slow manner that someone can get dizzy and only the wind reminds someone of the heights. In a moment, the chute makes landing easy and enjoyable. At this point, a person feels dizzy and their ears could pop due to the changes in atmospheric pressure. Skydiving is indeed a worthy

Biblical Worldview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Biblical Worldview - Essay Example Paul suggests that ungodliness will lead to a severe divine reprimand. By not acknowledging God’s omnipotent force, the doubters invoke the wrath of God. Paul cites from the Wisdom of Solomon in explaining how faith is central to human identity. In terms of character traits, Paul attacks hypocrisy in humans, especially the pompous variety exhibited by Jews. He recalls how Jews have been critical of others for not obeying laws when in truth they are none better at it. He implores Christians and Jews alike not to be hypocritical. (2:2) Paul brings to bear his own composite identity on the content of the epistle. Paul was a Hellenistic Jew coming from a Pharisaic stock. Hence, even though a proponent of the message of Jesus Christ, Paul remembers his Jewish heritage. In an implicit fashion, Paul urges his audience to think about their identities in such broad and composite terms. Through the epistle, Paul makes a pitch for harmonious human relations. Having been distressed by the communal tensions between Gentiles, Jews, and Christians, Paul hopes to convey a message of human solidarity. Paul’s sincerity is evident in the ‘Jew first’ motto he employed in the address. He reminded the groups in the strife that they are all brothers and share the same genealogical and socio-historical origins. As for intimate relations, Paul condemns unnatural sexual acts. Such tendencies will reduce the moral and spiritual strength of the indulger and lead him toward depravity.

Consumer Adoption of Hybrid Car Technology Dissertation

Consumer Adoption of Hybrid Car Technology - Dissertation Example This section will investigate vehicle registration data and predictions of consumer demand based upon the Thatchenkery analysis (2008) unless otherwise noted, factual attributions in this section of the study will be conclusions drawn from Thatchenkary 2008. From this article, further pressing questions will be addressed relating to consumer choice of hybrid automobiles and the obstacles towards greater market penetration. These questions can be divided between internal factors and external ones relating to consumer choice. The internal questions would relate more to ideological choices encouraging the purchase of a hybrid vehicle, and whether or not the structure and utility of the vehicle is pleasing to a given individual. External questions relate to socioeconomic factors affecting society as a whole. Can the economy and infrastructure of most industrialized countries be converted to support this innovation? How soon? And at what cost? A detailed analysis is necessary in order to identify the pros and cons of hybrid automotive technology and determine the benefits and consequences of government subsidies of the same. Various incentives and tax credits are under consideration by government agencies for the purpose of subsidizing a transition to hybrid vehicle or technology. An analysis of the available technical literature is required in order to determine the success of the subsidy programs, and the likelihood of any unintended consequences that might be detrimental to other sectors of the economy. And whether the widescale implementation of hybrid automobiles can be realized to a great enough extent to achieve both the goals of transportation, and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. When the decision is made by government to subsidize hybrid electrical vehicles, the decision invites analysis concerning the form and implementation of the subsidies. Among the issues that this analysis will explore, is the question on whether government subsidies in the form of income tax credits represents a more powerful incentive towards the purchase of hybrid vehicles as opposed to an incentive based on sales tax. The effectiveness of various government incentive programs will be evaluated in light of hybrid purchases, and overall efficiency in a world of rising gasoline prices. This analysis will also seek to identify variations in the demand among consumers as it pertains to the hybrid automobile market. This will be compared against the effectiveness of various government subsidy programs to develop a more thorough picture of the best means by which to promote hybrid automotive technology. It is also necessary to evaluate the effect of convenience of the vehicle compared with the desirability of incentives. Can a government subsidy for hybrid vehicle or purposes enhance sales even in cases where the vehicle might seem less convenient? How important is the comfort and utility of the vehicle compared with the possible incentives of some form of sales tax subsidy, or advantage in regards to the individual consumers income tax? Methodology This study is a literature meta-analysis of the concerns and actions resulting from hybrid automotive technology. A comparison of the primary literature, both legal and technical will be utilized to answer fundamental questions regarding hybrid automotive technology. This analysis seeks to evaluate whether current hybrid technologies do represent increased energy efficiency, as well as a reduction in overall

Exam 1 Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Exam 1 - Term Paper Example In order to establish the most applicable definition of justice, it is necessary to classify justice under ancient Greece philosophy by Plato, medieval Christianity philosophy by Augustine and Aquinas. In addition, early modern philosophies by Hume and Hobbes and recent modern philosophies by Mill and Kant are crucial. Justice ensures that all parties in various situations achieve what is rightfully theirs and present what they should give. Social issues include war, punishment, civil disobedience, equal opportunity, slavery, international relations and property rights. Plato defines justice as a virtue that establishes rational order1. The parties involved perform their appropriate roles while at the same time, not interfering with the functions of other parties. Aristotle contributes to this view by stating that justice is consistent and matches actions that are fair and lawful. He describes fairness as the equitable distribution of opportunities and correction of inequitable incidences. In Christian opinion, Augustine defines justice as a cardinal virtue that requires people to accord parties their due recognition. Aquinas’ definition of justice presents a rational result arising from proportional distribution of opportunities and rights that balances with reciprocal transactions2. The modern perception of justice seems to vary from the mentioned definitions. According to Hobbes, justice is only an artificial asset required by the civil society that stems from an agreement between differing social implications3. Hume seconds this by stating that justice protects the society by ultimately protecting properties. Kant, whose opinion is among the most recent definitions of justice, states that justice is achieved by respecting other people’s autonomy, freedom and dignity4. In this view, a just individual does not interfere with other people’s actions for as long as

World history Essay Example for Free

World history Essay World history, global history or transnational history (not to be confused with diplomatic or international history) is a field of historical study that emerged as a distinct academic field in the 1980s. It examines history from a global perspective. It is not to be confused with comparative history, which, like world history, deals with the history of multiple cultures and nations, but does not do so on a global scale. World History looks for common patterns that emerge across all cultures. World historians use a thematic approach, with two major focal points: integration (how processes of world history have drawn people of the world together) and difference (how patterns of world history reveal the diversity of the human experience). History (from Greek á ¼ ±ÃÆ'Ï„Î ¿Ã ÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ± historia, meaning inquiry, knowledge acquired by investigation It is the study of the past, specifically how it relates to humans. It is an umbrella term that relates to past events as well as the discovery, collection, organization, and presentation of information about these events. The term includes cosmic, geologic, and organic history, but is often generically implied to mean human history. Scholars who write about history are called historians. Events occurring prior to written record are considered prehistory. History can also refer to the academic discipline which uses a narrative to examine and analyse a sequence of past events, and objectively determine the patterns of cause and effect that determine them. Historians sometimes debate the nature of history and its usefulness by discussing the study of the discipline as an end in itself and as a way of providing perspective on the problems of the present.

Challenges in Caring for Dementia Patients

Challenges in Caring for Dementia Patients INTRODUCTION Dementia consists of a lot of symptoms that include lowering ability to do routine or familiar tasks, impairment of the memory, reasoning and judgment, behavior and mood changes. However, treatments are not yet available for the progressive, irreversible, dementias in which nerve cells in the brain become sick and eventually die. People experiencing dementia have been entitled the right to enjoy the highest possible quality of care and quality of life by engaging in meaningful relationships which are based on trust, respect, sharing, understanding, dignity and. TASKS These are the principles involving the person-centered approach on older people with dementia and other common geriatric health problems with respect to the following: Individuality Each and everyone are unique and do have different moral stance, ideologies, philosophies, social outlook, and even likes and dislikes in life. Approaching an individual that has dementia through a person centered type; one must acknowledge the person’s history, interests and hobbies and respect the person’s whole uniqueness. Emphasize the moral worth of people with dementia and other common geriatric health conditions. Rights Every person is empowered and entitled to human rights. It is important to protect people with dementia against people who might want to harm them. Knowing the rights of the person and respecting them allows the person with dementia maintain their dignity. Choice Regardless of the level of physical or physical impairment people with dementia, families and friends are supported and encouraged in partaking in the decision making and care at the way they choose. This includes the respecting their choices that are dealt in simple things they do every day. Privacy Every individual has the right to hold information about them from being exposed. The person has the control if they allow others to gain information or details about themselves. Privacy of the person should be respected and not to be spread for his honor and reputation. Independence Encouraging people with dementia to participate as much as possible on the physical activities on a daily basis. Maintaining the strength and flexibility on the person with dementia will promote independence. One activity that can help maintain the person’s strength and flexibility is physiotherapy. Dignity and Respect – Just like any other individual, people that have dementia or any other common geriatric health conditions are people first. Their choices and perspectives are to be honored and heed. They have an inherent value and dignity which must remain with them throughout the whole course of the disease and should be respected at all times. It is appropriate to include in the planning and delivery of care their families, their beliefs, spiritual backgrounds and values of people with dementia. Autonomy – Person with dementia or any other common geriatric medical condition should have the opportunity to create informed decisions about the treatments and care that are provided, and in collaboration with their healthcare professionals. Review of the non-person-centered approach to dementia and other common geriatric health condition’s care, from the: Institution perspective There are various implemented activities are created together in a single rational plan purposely to meet the official objectives and goals of the institution. There are many aspects that this perspective encompasses to sustain the well being and health of the person with dementia; such as their physical and social environment. Bio-medical perspective This mainly focuses on diagnosing and treating the person with dementia. It concentrates on the person’s behavior and symptoms and finds ways to lessen these through drug studies and treatments. Biomedical perspective means that the cause of symptoms and behaviors is assumed to be the individual involved. A biomedical understanding of dementia is necessary in guaranteeing the person has a correct diagno sis, to provide treatment and support from memory clinics and to gain the latest and most proper medical treatments. Range of techniques used to meet the wavering abilities and the needs of individuals with dementia and other common geriatric medical conditions to maintain their health and well being: Reality-oriented approach Reality orientation is a therapy that lessens the feeling of memory loss, confusion and mental disorientation and also better the self-esteem of the person with dementia. This involves displaying of information such as current dates, events, location, and names of people. And thus reinforced by orientation cues such as sign posts, photos, color coded doors, weather boards and labels on cupboards. Validation approach Validation approach is a therapy that places emphasis on the probable thoughts and feelings behind the behavior of the person, and rather than forcing the person to be in our reality, it propose that we are to join with the reality of that person. Validation therapy may suggest that we ask her questions about the family of the person with dementia, such as what the person misses most about his family and what is his favorite family get together. With this therapy, the response to a scenario may pertain not castigating the person and accepting the concerns of the person with dementia, but also communicating about their issues and bit by bit steering the conversation in a different direction. This will help them acknowledge the meaning of their feelings and thoughts and that it would reduce their distress. Assistive technologies Assistive technology would refer to any system or device that provides the person with dementia to carry out a task that they find difficult and unable to do, or maximise comfort and will provide safety with any activity can do. These devices will help people who have medical conditions with: eyesight, hearing, speaking, moving around memory and thought processing activities of daily livingactivities Assistive technology can promoteautonomy and independence, both for the person with dementia and those around them and will help manage potential risks in and around the home, facilitates the memory and will help improve their quality of life even with dementia or any other common geriatric medical condition. Reminiscence techniques This technique involves re-experiencing and recalling the persons events especially that matter in his lives. This technique uses talking about the things from his past using familiar objects, sounds and photos. This technique respects the life of the individual’s character and life story to improve in depression, loneliness and further the individual’s psychological wellness. Holistic approach Holistic approach takes into account the specific needs of each individual, may it be physical, emotional, and social aspect of the person with dementia. Properly eliminating the potential problems surrounding the individual such as lighting, noise clutter and tweaks can minimize anxiety and agitation of a person with dementia. The care plans in holistic type of approach is looking at specific need of the person with dementia, the individual should be involved in the design of the services, tailored according to their needs and meeting their aspirations in order to guarantee that the health care facilities will be able to provide the proper care to give to the person with dementia. Responsive and flexible approach Responsive and flexible approach can be used to help handle individuals in many of the behavioral conditions that are involving dementia, such as aggression, delusional thinking, and depression. It is acknowledging the independence of the person and focus on what suits the individual. It is more on matching the activity to the individual and lessens the emphasis on the completion of person care tasks at particular time rather than coercing them. The impacts of equality, and cultural and diversity issues on the provision of the person-centered approach to individuals with dementia and other common geriatric conditions within the: Public health and promotion There are heaps of organisations that promote health and provide support people with dementia. And organisations such as the World Health Organisation collaborates with government bodies around the world in order raise global awareness about people who are experiencing dementia and the support they need. Organisations such as The Health Foundation, made it a priority in advocating for action on proper treatment, intervention, and care for the individuals. These organisations aid in dissemination of these information about the people with dementia and the demand of care that these individual needs will better the services in health care facilities. Attitudes to health and demand for healthcare The increase of demand of health care and the outsourcing of health care professionals from other countries is due to the ageing population of the country. The ageing population increases the demand of health care professionals in rest homes, hospitals, nursing homes and other health care facilities The impacts that health sector standard and codes of practice and other published standards have on the person-centered practice approach for individuals with dementia and other common geriatric health conditions. The person centered type of approach concentrates on individuals rather than on the health condition. A person-centered type of approach to dementia and other common geriatric health problems acknowledges each individual are unique and have different values, personal history and behavior and that each individual has an equal right to be treated with respect, right to dignity, and the right to fully participate in their environment. Understanding and respecting the person with dementia will help the health care sectors provide a very effective and efficient health care service. RECOMMENDATION Person – centered type of approach in the health care sectors towards people with dementia or any other common geriatric health conditions will provide an efficient and effective health and social facilities, in which it involves understanding and respecting these individuals. Demonstrating sensitivity, seeking to engage with them through their aspirations and values, and understanding their spiritual, social and cultural background will provide a great help in improving the services in the health sectors. Maintaining and monitoring regularly these health care practices must be observed in order to provide the appropriate amount of care to give in the health care facilities. CONCLUSION Believing that providing support to people with dementia and experiencing these hurdles in life is an important part of being a health care professional. Understanding these individuals and respecting their social backgrounds, rights, privacy, uniqueness, dignity, independence and their value as a human being is a very important aspect in providing care towards people with dementia or even people with any other common medical conditions. I believed health care facilities specializing people with dementia will dramatically improve the health care services through applying the person centered type of approach towards their clients. BIBLIOGRAPHY Electronic Sources AlzheimerSociety. Guideline for care: Person centred care of people with dementia living incare homes. Retrieved on 08 August 2014 from http://www.alzheimer.ca/en/About-dementia/For-health-care-professionals/~/media/Files/national/Culture-change/culture_change_framework_e.ashx LeadingAge. Building a Person Centered Culture for Dementia Care. Retrieved on 08 August 2014 from http://www.leadingage.org/Building_a_Person-Centered_Culture_for_Dementia_Care_V3N5.aspx The Dementia Services Development Centre. An Educational Resource to Support Early Interventions for People receiving a Diagnosis of Dementia. Retrieved on 08 August 2014 from http://www.nes.scot.nhs.uk/media/351619/early_interventions_dementia_education_resource.pdf Julian Hughes. Models of Dementia Care: Person – Centered, Palliative and Supportive. Retrieved on 08 August 2014 from http://www.fightdementia.org.au/common/files/NAT/Paper_35_web_v2.pdf Alzheimer’s Association. Respect for Autonomy. Retrieved on 08 August 2014 from http://www.alz.org/documents_custom/statements/respect_for_autonomy.pdf Alzheimer Scotland. Dementia: autonomy and decision – making Putting into practice. Retrieved on 08 August 2014 from http://www.nuffieldfoundation.org/sites/default/files/files/Dementia_autonomy%20_decision-making.pdf Alzheimer’s/Dementia. What Is Person – Centered Care in Dementia?. Retrieved on 08 August 2014 from http://alzheimers.about.com/od/caregiving/fl/What-Is-Person-Centered-Care-in-Dementia.htm Alzheimer’s Society. Understanding and respecting the person with dementia. Retrieved on 09 August 2014 from http://www.alzheimers.org.uk/site/scripts/documents_info.php?documentID=84 Alzheimer’s Association. Personal care: Assisting a person in the middle or late stage of dementia with daily needs. Retrieved on 09 August 2014 from https://www.alz.org/national/documents/brochure_personalcare.pdf NHS choices. How is dementia treated?. Retrieved on 09 August 2014 from http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/dementia-guide/Pages/dementia-treatment.aspx Keep In Mind. Holistic Dementia Care Solutions. Retrieved on 09 August 2014 from http://keepinmindinc.com/holistic-dementia-solutions/ StudyMode. Promote Person – Centred Approaches in Health and Social Care. Retrieved on 09 August 2014 from http://www.studymode.com/essays/Promote-Person-Centred-Approaches-In-Health-And-1577167.html National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Dementia: Supporting people with dementia and their carers in health and social care. Retrieved on 09 August 2014 from http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg42/chapter/person-centred-care Alzheimer’s Association. Assistive Technology. Retrieved on 09 August 2014 from http://www.alz.org/library/downloads/search_assistivetechnology.pdf Inclusive Solution. SEN Draft Code of Practice 2014 – Person – Centred Planning. Retrieved on 09 August 2014 from http://inclusive-solutions.com/sen-draft-code-of-practice-2014-person-centred-planning/

Enlightenment and the Death of God Essay -- Philosophy Religion Essays

Enlightenment and the Death of God Intellectual thought since Nietzsche has found itself one way or another addressing the death of God. Most of this thinking, however, has taken place from an atheistic starting point and has not considered its own presuppositions. It strives to find consistent outworking from these presuppositions and to eradicate the shadow of God carried over from the Enlightenment tradition because of its grounding in a theistic worldview. However, the outcome and implications of thinking after the death of God has been found hideous and many attempts have been made to transcend the absurdity there. THE DEATH OF GOD   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nietzsche proclaimed in The Gay Science, "God is dead: but given the way men are, there may still be caves for thousands of years in which his shadow will be shown.-- And we -- we still have to vanquish his shadow, too."[1] The death he witnessed was the tide of atheism that has dominated science and philosophy since his time. This atheism invariably comes from one of two different backgrounds: Enlightenment science and Enlightenment morality.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the major products of the Enlightenment was science. As humans were deprived of their previous significance as children of God in the center of the universe, human knowledge was elevated and empirical science became enthroned as the greatest realization of human knowing. As a result, metaphysical knowledge was pushed aside in favor of strict empiricism. God and Christianity were not so much denied as pushed aside, first into deism, which removed him from the world without clashing too much with Western culture, and then all the way into atheism. For the most part, atheism that comes from this perspective has not been bothered b... ...but it has for the most part been unable to completely escape Enlightenment rationalism with its presupposition that metaphysics can be known objectively and exhaustively by human beings. The pragmatic rationalism of Habermas provides an auspicious postmodern beginning for discussing the problem of God again. FOOTNOTES [1] page 191 in our book. [2] see Psalm 13, Ecclesiastes 8:14, Job 21:7-21. [3] James says, "we consider blessed those who have persevered" (James. 5:11a, NIV). [4] The Brothers Karamazov, p. xiii. WORKS CITED Nietzsche, Friedrich. On The Genealogy of Morals and Ecce Homo. New York: Vintage/Random House 1989. Camus, Albert. The Plague. New York: Alfred A. Knopf 1980. Sartre, Jean-Paul. Nausea. New York: New Directions 1969. Habermas, J. Class handout. Dostoevsky, Fyodor. The Brothers Karamazov. New York: Bantam 1981. Enlightenment and the Death of God Essay -- Philosophy Religion Essays Enlightenment and the Death of God Intellectual thought since Nietzsche has found itself one way or another addressing the death of God. Most of this thinking, however, has taken place from an atheistic starting point and has not considered its own presuppositions. It strives to find consistent outworking from these presuppositions and to eradicate the shadow of God carried over from the Enlightenment tradition because of its grounding in a theistic worldview. However, the outcome and implications of thinking after the death of God has been found hideous and many attempts have been made to transcend the absurdity there. THE DEATH OF GOD   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nietzsche proclaimed in The Gay Science, "God is dead: but given the way men are, there may still be caves for thousands of years in which his shadow will be shown.-- And we -- we still have to vanquish his shadow, too."[1] The death he witnessed was the tide of atheism that has dominated science and philosophy since his time. This atheism invariably comes from one of two different backgrounds: Enlightenment science and Enlightenment morality.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the major products of the Enlightenment was science. As humans were deprived of their previous significance as children of God in the center of the universe, human knowledge was elevated and empirical science became enthroned as the greatest realization of human knowing. As a result, metaphysical knowledge was pushed aside in favor of strict empiricism. God and Christianity were not so much denied as pushed aside, first into deism, which removed him from the world without clashing too much with Western culture, and then all the way into atheism. For the most part, atheism that comes from this perspective has not been bothered b... ...but it has for the most part been unable to completely escape Enlightenment rationalism with its presupposition that metaphysics can be known objectively and exhaustively by human beings. The pragmatic rationalism of Habermas provides an auspicious postmodern beginning for discussing the problem of God again. FOOTNOTES [1] page 191 in our book. [2] see Psalm 13, Ecclesiastes 8:14, Job 21:7-21. [3] James says, "we consider blessed those who have persevered" (James. 5:11a, NIV). [4] The Brothers Karamazov, p. xiii. WORKS CITED Nietzsche, Friedrich. On The Genealogy of Morals and Ecce Homo. New York: Vintage/Random House 1989. Camus, Albert. The Plague. New York: Alfred A. Knopf 1980. Sartre, Jean-Paul. Nausea. New York: New Directions 1969. Habermas, J. Class handout. Dostoevsky, Fyodor. The Brothers Karamazov. New York: Bantam 1981.

The Role of Mexican-American Border Relations in the Political Process

The Role of Mexican-American Border Relations in the Political Process Throughout the 1990’s up until the present, Mexican-American political relations have been very inconsistent in their endeavors to define what the relationship should and will be between the two different countries. The massive influx of Mexican immigrants has commanded attention from the governments of both countries. This has resulted in attempts to make a working partnership acknowledging the fact that the peoples of Mexican decent have grown into the largest minority group in the United States and there are many issues to be hammered out by both countries in establishing just economic and political relations. However this effort has encountered many setbacks and questions of dedication to a working relationship between Mexico and the United States both in the past and currently. Politicians who once jumped on the bandwagon of demonizing Mexican Americans are now fronting to be their closest allies and representatives in order to gain there votes in reelection. Who were once a people solely confined to the lowest of economic class and labor, are slowly working their ways into the higher classes and employment opportunities. Conservative citizens prejudiced attitudes towards Mexicans is balanced out by liberal populations as well. While poor economic times and difficulty in finding employment tend to point fingers at populations like the Mexican immigrants, there is still a need for the cheap labor in the fields and factories to keep production moving. The list of contradictions goes on and on and this complex issue will remain one for years. The goal of this paper is to address Mexican-American relations of the past and the present, and to pr... ...beth. Making Labor Flexible: The Recomposition of Tijuana's Maquiladora Female Labor Force. Feminist Economics 6, no. 3 (2000), 59-79. Global Exchange. Maquiladoras: Sweatshops by any other name. http://www.globalexchange.org/education/california/DayOfTheDead/maqui ladoras .html Guskind, Robert. â€Å"Border Backlash.† National Journal 4 June 1994: 1296-1299. Muller, Henry. â€Å"There is a Limit to What We Call Absorbant.† Time 18 Nov. 1991: 54-63 Natives: Immigrant Bashing on the Border. Film â€Å"Powell says U.S. eager for immigration agreement with Mexico† (Cnn.com) 30 May 2003. Rodriquez, Cindy. â€Å"Tamales no substitute for a place on podium.† Globe. 12 August, 2000.

Medea and Lysistrata Essay -- World Literature Gender Inequalities Ess

Medea and Lysistrata Medea and Lysistrata are two Greek literatures that depict the power which women are driven to achieve in an aim to defy gender inequality. In The Medea, Medea is battling against her husband Jason whom she hates. On the other hand, in Aristophanes' Lysistrata, the protagonist Lysistrata plotted to convince and organize the female gender to protest against the stubbornness of men. In terms of defining the purpose of these two literatures, it is apparent that Euripedes and Aristophanes created characters that demonstrate resistance against the domination of men in the society. Despite the contrast in the characters of Euripedes' Medea and Aristophanes' Lysistrata, the two playwrights depicted how gender inequality can start a fire. As with Medea and Jason, the battle between the two lead to former's madness, leading to the death of the enemies she considered, and, unfortunately, leading as well to the death of her own children. Medea felt betrayed and left behind by her husband Jason, as well as continuously aggravated by Creon despite the fact that i...

Tjs Product Mix

Summary of the Problem: TJ’s, Inc. , makes three nut mixes for sale to grocery chains located in the Southeast. The three mixes, referred as the Regular Mix, Deluxe Mix, Holiday Mix. Now TJ’s is committed to using the available nuts to maximize profit of the fall seasons, and they must satisfy the received orders. Problem Solving Approach: This problem was solved using Excel Solver LP Programming. The decision variables are pounds of each type of Mix. The objective function was a formula of profit contribution for each Mix.The constraints are the nuts purchased the following shipment and the orders that need to be satisfied. The following summarizes the variables and coefficients of the mathematical model: Variable or CoefficientUnit of MeasureDescription RPoundsPounds of Regular Mix DPoundsPounds of Deluxe Mix HPoundsPounds of Holiday Mix DescriptionRegularDeluxe HolidayShipment amountCost per shipment Orders (Pounds)1000030005000 Almond Consist percentage0. 15 0. 20 0 . 25 60007500 Brazil Consist percentage0. 5 0. 20 0. 15 75007125 Filbert Consist percentage0. 25 0. 20 0. 15 75006750 Pecan Consist percentage0. 10 0. 20 0. 25 60007200 Walnut Consist percentage0. 25 0. 20 0. 20 75007875 Profit (Dollars) ( Not include cost of nuts) 1. 6522. 25 The following is the mathematical formulation of the problem: Maximize1. 65R+2D+2. 25HObjective function Subject to: 0. 15R+0. 2D+0. 25H= 10000 Deluxe 10625>= 3000 Holiday5000>= 5000 Constrains2Nuts Used Available Almond6000

Workplace Bullying

Patricia Nantume AP Language & Composition/ D1P4 The Bully at Work January 3, 2012 Mainly focused on prevention methods, situational examples and coping mechanisms with the bully, The Bully at Work by Ruth and Gary Namie, is an astonishing resource on workplace bullying. Gary introduces the main themes of the book by giving an example of his former boss, a bully. He also defines the victims of this social epidemic as Targets. Workplace bullying, like  childhood  bullying, is the tendency of individuals or groups to use persistent aggressive or unreasonable behavior against a co-worker or subordinate. Workplace bullying can include such tactics as  verbal,  nonverbal,  psychological,  physical abuse  and  humiliation. This type of  aggression  is particularly difficult because, unlike the typical forms of  school bullying, workplace bullies often operate within the established rules and policies of their  organization  and their society. Ruth on the other hand didn't have any previous experience as a Target or Bully but from fellow work-mates' experiences, she bases her arguments on the topic. â€Å"Bullying is the scourge of the contemporary workplace but is too easily ignored by the people who could eradicate it if they were motivated,† says Ruth. Referred to as an epidemic as of society's ignorance of the issue, workplace bullying has slowly risen to media attention. Other countries like the United Kingdom and China have implausibly low workplace bullying cases in comparison to the United States. Despite the rising cases of victims according to statistical data, employers haven't paid serious attention to reports given by victims. Nevertheless the accentuating cases of victims, society's attention to the issue is rather ironic than Patricia Nantume 02. 03. 12 AP BIOLOGY THE SELFISH GENE CHAPTER 6/ GENEMANSHIP Quote: CHAPTER 7/ FAMILY PLANNING Quote: CHAPTER 8/BATTLE OF GENERATIONS. Quote: CHAPTER9/ BATTLE OF SEXES Quote: Each individual CHAPTER 10. Quote: CHAPTER 11. Quote:

Describe the position of black people in the USA in 1945 Essay

Blacks in the USA in 1945 were not considered as equal; the treatment of people was based on their skin colour, a practice that had been going on for many years before, even after the Reconstruction of society after the Civil War in which the blacks were â€Å"liberated† from slavery. In theory, blacks were free to work and live where they wanted, but the figures at the time told a different story: by 1960, around 17% of the workforce of â€Å"white-collar† workers, i. e. professional, technical, administration, etc., were blacks, while the whites remained the majority at 47%. The â€Å"blue-collar† work, such as craftsmen, manual labourers, etc. – jobs that are renowned for needing less skill and education – had 40% of the workforce as blacks, and 36% were whites. Blacks just weren’t provided the education and qualifications to do the professional types of work due to separation of black and white facilities. Not only were they held back at getting the higher-class jobs, they were paid less for the same work that whites did; in 1950, blacks earned about 53% of a whites wage. This figure remained the same over the next 20 years, with it rising 11% to blacks earning 64% of a whites wage. All over the USA, blacks were discriminated against in almost all areas of life, whether it is the law of the state, or just by the custom of the local society. After the abolishment of slavery, slaves had the choice of moving away from their former homes and having their own lives; unfortunately, many blacks didn’t have any money to move halfway across the USA to the northern states that had fought to free them. Those who did have the finance to travel rarely had enough money afterwards to sustain a good quality of life after they had moved. The custom of de facto came into play in some of the Northern states; ghettos and places where the majority of the population were black sprung up in towns and cities. Segregation by custom in the North was contrasted with segregation by law, or de jure, in the South- Jim Crow laws forbade blacks, for example, to enter white facilities, or sit on buses with whites, etc. Places where de facto was in force came up with other ways to separate blacks from whites to keep the Southern order of things; â€Å"red lining† was when banks were not allowed to give money for mortgages if they suspected it would be a risky investment- if a black family moved into a certain area, it would lower the prices of the surrounding houses. This meant that places such as ghettos were built up, when the majority of the population were black. This type of segregation wasn’t by law, but by custom, blacks weren’t forced to live in â€Å"black† areas, but they felt pressured to live in certain places because of the practises such as red lining in effect. Although it is in the Constitution that everyone is equal and has the same civil rights, it is beliefs like red lining that push a wedge between races; it may not seem constitutional, but it is up to the Supreme Court in the USA to decide what is constitutional. They decided that slavery was lawful mainly due the fact that the Southern states economy was based on slavery; they were needed to produce cotton, the main export in the 19th century. Without them, the economy would have fallen apart. After the 13th amendment to the Constitution, slavery was no longer legal, but the Supreme Court still remained to overlook state laws that continued discrimination and practices that could be seen as worse then slavery- for example, the Ku Klux Klan were allowed to terrorise and lynch blacks, yet lynching was not made illegal. â€Å"The Supreme Court declared that the 14th amendment forbids states, but not citizens, from discriminating† (1) Separate facilities for blacks and whites were considered as the solution to the discrimination problem; the Supreme Court believed that the blacks were â€Å"separate but equal† when they were forced to use different buildings, transport, schools and hospitals then the whites. Since the Supreme Court approved laws and could declare them unconstitutional if they wanted to, they were the ones who the blacks has to convince if they wanted to change anything; in legal cases, the trial had to be taken to the Supreme Court to have any impact, since the State Courts were always going to be in favour of the Jim Crow laws. The Plessy vs. Ferguson (1896) case was when Homer Plessy refused to sit in the â€Å"coloured† car of a train and sat in the â€Å"white† section instead. The case went to Supreme Court, and they ruled that Plessy was guilty and sentenced him to pay a fine or go to jail. This was considered the most shameful ruling of the Supreme Court in history; it shows the extent of the discrimination against blacks, even after slavery was abolished- even though Plessy was 1/8 black and 7/8 white, he was still considered as black in the eyes of the Louisiana law. Although many people thought that this ruling was shocking, there wasn’t much that could be done, since they did not have a definite leader to show them what the do; everything that the movement did was relatively unorganised, with maybe one person leading the others. People such as Martin Luther King Jr. and Booker T. Washington tried to unite blacks under one leadership, but it did not work, because everyone has different opinion on what should be done about the discrimination problem. Dr Martin King Jr. was a black leader that advocated peaceful resistance; because of this, many whites accepted him because they knew that he would not cause violence, but blacks did not like this as peaceful protest could only take them so far- they felt that King was weaker then some of the other extremist black leaders, such as Malcolm X. King’s approach to fighting against their oppression wasn’t enough to keep the blacks following him; they preferred people who were willing to do more for the benefit of all blacks. Another leader who was thought as weak by fellow blacks was Booker T. Washington; he was accused of being an accommodationist to the whites, as he wasn’t campaigning for equal civil rights, he was concentrating on equal job opportunities- this wasn’t what the blacks were fighting for; they wanted to be free to do what the whites could do, not only in jobs but in other aspects of life too. The leaders of the movement were not united, therefore they were not strong- many leaders were critical of others, for example, W. E. B DuBois criticised Washington, saying that blacks cannot get social equality if they do not get political equality first. The New Deal is a phrase used to explain the actions taken after Black Tuesday when the US Stock market crashed to stop the effects of the Depression disturbing the lives of the public. Laws were passed to help stop the consequences of the Depression becoming a long-term problem; within the first hundred days, President Roosevelt passed a law that lowered worker’s salaries and pensions by up to 15%- a move that people did not like, yet it saved a lot of money for the government. Another act was passed that stated that the government could inspect banks before letting them open again so they could see if the bank was eligible to lend and hold money. This prevented banks lending out money that they did not have, therefore they did not losing money for their customers and wouldn’t have to close, as they would have to have done if they did lend out money they didn’t have. The New Deal was produced so the government could help all of those that were affected by the Depression; this helped the blacks because they were some of the poorest people in the USA at the time, and as many as 8% of blacks were unemployed in 1955. For the blacks, the New Deal slightly improved their way of living as it was designed to help everyone without discrimination. Soon after New Deal was set up, the situation for blacks was improved socially by the outbreak of the Second World War. When the Americans were brought into the war, they needed as many men as they could to fight; blacks had regiments where they could join and be equal to whites, but they still were not allowed to belong to the same regiment as the whites- there were some who did, but they were rare, they normally belonged to an all-black regiment. At the end of the war, the blacks got more ambitious; they were allowed to fight for their country, but America wasn’t even grateful enough of them to let them be equal. This would have enraged African Americans since they had fought so hard to be a part of America, so the Civil Rights movement activity increased, which put pressure on the government to do something. The Nazi ideology also pushed the government into action, because what the Americans were doing to the blacks could be compared to the Germans discriminating against the Jews in Germany; the blacks realised this, so demanded equality, as they didn’t want the same to happen to them. In conclusion, the position of blacks in 1945 was not equal to whites: even after a century of supposed â€Å"freedom† from slavery, blacks were still treated as inferiors to whites. Laws and acts were in effect that encouraged the discrimination of blacks. Amendments such as the rights for blacks to vote and the rights for them to be equal were passed, but there were so many other laws that cancelled them out. Jim Crow laws in the South and practises such as â€Å"red lining† in the North made it impossible for blacks to be seen as equal politically, whilst rebellions by extremist whites and groups such as the Ku Klux Klan stopped blacks gaining any social standing or equality. Blacks were supposed to be equal, but by 1945, some may comment that the position of them was worse then slavery, as the blacks were on their own in there poverty and discrimination; before, they had their slave owners who would clothe and feed them to keep productive workers- they would never be out on the streets as slaves, but as â€Å"free† people, they received basically no help. Things that whites took for granted, such as clean and good-quality facilities, and jobs that are fair and just are things that blacks counted themselves lucky if they managed to get any equality. People like Martin Luther King Jr. and W. E. B. DuBois tried to get equality, both through violence and peaceful means, but it didn’t have much effect to the political and social standing of blacks. The discrimination of blacks continued right into the 20th century, even up into the 21st century. It was slow going for the blacks’ right to equality, but actions by both blacks and whites changed things for the better. However, in 1945, blacks were not considered as equal, but as 3/5s of a human being. Bibliography: (1) http://www. alternativeinsight. com/Reparations-Slavery. html Field, Ron; â€Å"Civil Rights in America 1865-1980†; Cambridge University Press http://www. lawbuzz. com/can_you/plessy/plessy. htm http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/New_Deal.

Quiz Questions for Chapter 9

Quiz Questions for Chapter 9 1. A truck was purchased for $25,000. It has a six-year life and a $4,000 salvage value. Using straight-line depreciation, what is the asset’s carrying value (book value) after 2 1/2 years? a. $8,750. b. $12,250. c. $14,583. d. $16,250. 2. On January 1, 2003, Superior Landscaping Company paid $17,000 to buy a stump grinder. If Superior uses the grinder to remove 2,500 stumps per year, it would have an estimated useful life of 10 years and a salvage value of $4,500. The amount of depreciation expense for the year 2003, using units-of-production depreciation and assuming that 3,500 stumps were removed, is a. 2,380. b. $1,750. c. $1,700. d. $1,250. 3. The sale for $2,000 of equipment that cost $8,000 and has accumulated depreciation of $6,700 would result in a a. gain of $2,000. b. gain of $700. c. loss of $700. d. loss of $1,300. 4. Underestimating the number of tons of a mineral that can be mined over a mineral deposit’s life will result in a . overstated net income each year. b. overstated total assets each year. c. overstated depletion expense each year. d. no effect on total assets each year. 5. A copyright is obtained for what becomes a very successful book.The publisher expects the book to generate sales for 10 years. The copyright should be amortized over a. 2 to 4 years. b. 10 years. c. 40 years. d. the author’s life plus 50 years. The following information pertains to the next two questions. Z Company purchased an asset for $24,000 on January 1, 2004. The asset was expected to have a four-year life and a $4,000 salvage value. 6. The amount of depreciation expense for 2006 using double-declining-balance would be a. $2,000. b. $3,000. c. $6,000. d. $12,000. 7. Assume that Z Company uses straight-line depreciation.If on January 1, 2007, Z Company sells the asset for $10,000, the statement of cash flows would report a a. $1,000 cash inflow from gain on the sale of the asset in the operating activities section. b. $10,000 cash inflow from an asset disposal in the investing activities section. c. $9,000 cash inflow from an asset disposal in the financing activities section. d. a and c. 8. On January 1, 2006, Fulsom Corporation purchased a machine for $50,000. Fulsom paid shipping expenses of $500 as well as installation costs of $1,200. Fulsom estimated the machine would have a useful life of ten years and an estimated salvage value of $3,000.If Fulsom records depreciation using the straight-line method, depreciation expense for 2007 is. a. $4,870. b. $5,170. c. $5,270. d. $5,570. 9. Hickory Ridge Company purchased land and a building for $920,000. The individual assets were appraised at the following market values: Land $614,400 Building $345,600 Recording the land in the accounting records would a. increase land by $588,800. b. increase land by $614,400. c. increase assets by $920,000. d. Both a and c. 10 Penny Lane and Associates purchased a generator on January 1, 2006, for $6,300. The generator was estimated to have a five-year life and a salvage value of $600.At the beginning of 2008, the company revised the expected life of the asset to six years and revised the salvage value to $300. Using straight-line depreciation, the depreciation expense recorded in 2008 would a. decrease assets and equity by $1,140. b. decrease assets and equity by $930. c. decrease assets and equity by $1,005. d. decrease assets and equity by $1,500. 11 Which of the following statements about goodwill is true? a. The amount of goodwill is measured by subtracting the amount paid for assets from their fair market value on the purchase date. b. The amount of goodwill is recorded as an asset. . Recording impairment of goodwill reduces the amount of net income. d. All of the above. 12 XYZ Company paid cash for a capital expenditure that improved the operating efficiency of one of its assets. Which of the following reflects how this expenditure affects the company’s financial statement s? a. b. c. d. 13 Assets = +- +- – n/a Liab. n/a n/a n/a n/a + Equity n/a n/a – n/a Rev. – n/a n/a n/a n/a Exp. n/a n/a + n/a = Net Inc. n/a n/a – n/a Cash Flow – IA n/a – OA n/a KLM Company experienced an accounting event that affected its financial statements as indicated below: Assets = – Liab. n/a Equity – Rev. – n/a Exp. + = Net Inc. – Which of the following events could have caused these effects? a. recognizing depreciation. b. paying cash for a capital expenditure. c. amortizing a patent. d. none of the above. Cash Flow – OA 14. Which of the following correctly matches the type of long-term asset with the term used to identify how that asset’s cost is expensed? Building Oil Reserve Copyright a. Amortization Depreciation Depletion b. Depletion Amortization Depletion c. Amortization Depletion Depreciation d. Depreciation Depletion Amortization 15. Which of the following is true? . The book value of an asset is its estimated market value. b. The primary purpose of recording depreciation expense on the income statement is to reduce income tax expense. c. Recording depreciation expense decreases the book value of the asset in the year it was used to produce revenue. d. The accumulated deprecation for an asset provides the cash needed to replace the asset at the end of its useful life. Quiz Questions for Chapter 10 The following information pertains to the next seven questions. On January 1, 2003, XYZ Corporation issued a $5,000 face value bond that sold for 90.The bond had a five-year term and paid 10 percent annual interest. The company used the proceeds from the bond issue to buy land. The land was leased for $600 of cash revenue per year and was sold at the end of the 5th year for $4,200 cash. 1. The carrying value of the bond liability on January 1, 2003, would be a. $4,600. b. $4,500. c. $5,000. d. $4,000. 2. The amount of interest expense reported on the 2003 income sta tement would be a. $450. b. $400. c. $500. d. $600. 3. Interest expense reported on the income statement over the life of the bond would a. ncrease by $100 each year. b. decrease by $100 each year. c. be the same each year. d. equal the stated rate of interest. 4. The carrying value of the bond liability on December 31, 2007 would be a. $4,500. b. $5,000. c. $4,900. d. $4,600. 5. The sale of the land on December 31, 2007, would a. increase retained earnings by $300. b. increase equity by $4,200. c. reduce net income by $300. d. have no effect on retained earnings. 6. The total amount of liability associated with the bond issue would a. increase each year as a result of the amortization of the discount. b. ecrease each year as a result of the amortization of the discount. c. remain the same each year. d. always be equal to the face value of the bond payable. 7. The amount of the cash outflow for interest expense in 2005 would be a. $600. b. $400. c. $500. d. $ 0. Use the following in formation to answer the next three questions. On January 1, 2003 , Keynes Company issued a $20,000 face value bond that sold for 110. The bond had a ten-year term and a stated annual interest rate of 8 percent . 8. The carrying value of the bond liability on January 1, 2003, would be a. $20,000. . $22,000. c. $21,800. d. $20,200. 9. The amount of interest expense reported on the company’s 2003 income statement would be a. $1,200. b. $1,400. c. $1,600. d. $1,050. 10. The amount of interest expense reported on the company’s 2004 income statement would be a. $1,400. b. $1,600. c. $1,800. d. $2,000. 11. If a bond sells at a discount, which of the following is true? a. The market interest rate at the time of issue is greater than the stated interest rate on the bond. b. The market interest rate at the time of issue is less than the stated interest rate on the bond. c.The market interest rate at the time of issue is the same as the stated interest rate on the bond issue. d. The market interest rate is expected to increase above the stated interest rate on the bond. 12. On January 1, 2003, Ink, Inc. borrowed $100,000 cash from the Fidelity Bank on a note that had a 6 percent annual interest rate and a five-year term. The loan is to be repaid in annual payments of $23,741. 69 on January 1 each year. The amount of the January 1, 2004, payment applied to interest and to principal would be a. $6,000 / $94,000. b. $17,741. 69 / $94,000. c. $4,935. 0 / $82,258. 31. d. $6,000 / $17,741. 69. 13. Indigo Company can borrow up to $50,000 on its line of credit at the state bank. The company agrees to pay interest monthly at 2 percent above prime. Funds are borrowed or repaid on the first day of each month. Month Jan. Feb. March Amounts Borrowed or (Repaid) $15,000 $ (5,000) $30,000 Prime Rate 6 percent 5 percent 4 percent The amount of interest to be accrued on the March 31 is a. $225. 00. b. $100. 00. c. $133. 33. d. $200. 00. 14. XYZ Company experienced an accoun ting event that affected its financial statements as indicated below: Assets = Liab. + + Equity n/a Rev. – n/a Exp. n/a = Net Inc. n/a Cash Flow + FA Which of the following events could have caused these effects? a. A bond issued at face value. b. A bond issued at a discount. c. A bond issued at a premium. d. All of the above. 15. A bond will sell at a premium if: a. The market rate of interest is equal to the bond’s stated rate. b. The market rate of interest is greater than the bond’s stated rate. c. The market rate of interest is less than the bond’s stated rate. d. The bond is convertible into common stock. Quiz Questions for Chapter 11 1.The ZZ Corporation had the following shares of stock outstanding at December 31, 2003: Common Stock, $50 par value, 40,000 shares outstanding; and Preferred Stock, 6 percent, $100 par value, cumulative, 10,000 shares outstanding. Dividends for 2001 and 2002 were in arrears. On December 31, 2003, ZZ declared total cas h dividends of $250,000. The total amounts payable to preferred stockholders and common stockholders, respectively, are: a. $60,000 / $190,000. b. $120,000 / $130,000. c. $125,000 / $125,000. d. $180,000 / $70,000. Use the following information to answer the next four questions.The Kramer Company was started when it issued 200 shares of $5 par value common stock at a market price of $20 per share. The company repurchased 10 shares at a market price of $15 per share. Later the company reissued 5 shares at a market price of $20 per share. At the end of the first year of operations the company’s equity included $1,200 of retained earnings in addition to its contributed capital. 2. The entry to record the original issue of 200 shares of stock would a. increase cash by $4,000 / increase common stock by $4,000. b. ncrease cash by $4,000 / increase common stock and paid-in capital in excess of par value by $1,000 and $3,000, respectively. c. decrease cash by $4,000 / increase common stock common stock by $4,000. d. increase cash by $1,000 / increase common stock by $1,000. 3. The entry to record the purchase of the 10 shares of the company’s own stock would a. decrease assets / decrease equity. b. decrease assets / increase equity. c. decrease assets / increase treasury stock. d. both a and c. 4. What effect would reissuing the 5 shares have on the company’s paid-in capital from treasury stock transactions account? . No effect. b. Increase additional paid-in capital by $100. c. Increase additional paid-in capital by $25. d. Decrease additional paid-in capital by $75. 5. The total amount of stockholders’ equity at the end of the first year would be a. $5,150. b. $5,200. c. $1,200. d. none of the above. 6. Which of the following is an advantage of the corporate form of business organization? a. double taxation. b. amount of regulation. c. limited liability. d. entrenched management. 7. Jan Irving started a proprietorship on January 1, 2007 w ith a $1,000 cash contribution to the business.During the first year of operations the company generated $5,000 of cash revenue and incurred $2,000 of cash expenses. Also, Jan withdrew $500 from the business. At the end of 2007 the balance in the Jan Irving, Capital account was a. $1,000. b. $3,000. c. $3,500. d. $4,000. 8. ABC Company is authorized to issue 100,000 shares of common stock. The company issued 60,000 shares of common stock and later repurchased 15,000 shares of its own common stock. How many shares are outstanding? a. 60,000. b. 45,000. c. 100,000. d. 40,000. 9.An 8 percent stock dividend on 12,000 shares of outstanding preferred stock with a par value of $20 per share and a market value of $60 a share will have what effect on the accounting equation? a. Increase preferred stock by $57,600. b. Increase cash by $38,400. c. Decrease retained earnings by $19,200. d. Decrease retained earnings by $57,600. 10. Which of the following statements concerning a two-for-one stoc k split is true? a. The number of shares outstanding will decrease. b. The market price of the stock would be expected to increase. c. The company’s equity will increase. d. No journal entry would be necessary. 1. EFG Company paid cash to purchase treasury stock. Which of the following reflects how this event affects the company’s financial statements? a. b. c. d. 12. Assets – +- – +- = Liab. n/a n/a n/a n/a + Equity – n/a – n/a Rev. – n/a n/a n/a n/a Exp. n/a n/a + + = Net Inc. n/a n/a – – Cash Flow – FA – OA – FA – OA ZGAR Company distributed a stock dividend. Which of the following reflects how this event affects the company’s financial statements? a. b. c. d. Assets – n/a – n/a = Liab. n/a n/a n/a n/a + Equity – +- – +- Rev. – n/a n/a n/a n/a Exp. n/a n/a + n/a = Net Inc. n/a n/a – n/a Cash Flow n/a n/a – FA – FAQuiz for Chapte r 12 1. Which of the following cash transactions is classified as an investing activity on the statement of cash flows? a. Cash borrowed. b. Cash received from issuing stock. c. Cash received from revenue. d. Cash collected on a loan. 2. A building costing $55,000 with $16,500 of accumulated depreciation was sold for $40,000. How would the cash flow from the sale appear on the statement of cash flows? a. $1,500 in operating activities and $38,500 in investing activities. b. $40,000 in financing activities. c. $38,500 noncash financing and investing activities and $1,500 in operating activities. . $40,000 in investing activities. 3. The owners of X Company invested $2,000 in the company. X Company used the cash to invest in Y Company. On X’s statement of cash flows these transactions would be classified, respectively, as a. an investing activity and an investing activity. b. a financing activity and a financing activity. c. an investing activity and a financing activity. d. a financing activity and an investing activity. 4. Issuing a note for the purchase of land is an example of a. an investing activity. b. a financing activity. c. a noncash investing and financing activity. d. transaction that would not appear on the statement of cash flows. 5. The sum of the three major components (operating activities, investing activities, and financing activities) on a statement of cash flows will add up to a. the ending cash balance. b. the change in the cash account balance between the beginning and ending of the period. c. the amount of cash inflow for the period. d. net income for the period. Answers: Chapter 9: D, B, B, C, B, A, B, A, D, B, D, A, D, D, C Chapter 10: B, D, C, B, C, A, C, B, B, A, A, D, D, D, C Chapter 11: D, B, D, C, A, C, C, B, D, D, A, B Chapter 12: D, D, D, C, B

February Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

February Revolution - Essay Example 1917 saw two distinct Revolutions in Russia: the overthrow of the tsarist regime (February Revolution) and the coup by which the Bolsheviks took power (October Revolution). The causes of these two revolutions encompass Russia's political, social, and economic situation. Politically, the people of Russia resented the autocracy of Tsar Nicholas II. The losses that the Russians suffered during World War I further weakened Russia's view of Nicholas II (Lynch, 2000). Socially, tsarist Russia stood well behind the rest of Europe in its industry and farming, resulting in few opportunities for fair advancement on the part of peasants and industrial workers. Economically, widespread inflation in Russia contributed to the revolution. Nicholas himself helped propel instability into revolution in 1905 by the disastrous foreign policy he pursued in East Asia. Determined that Russia should not be left out in the scramble for colonial possessions, Nicholas embarked on an expansionist policy in Manchuria and Korea that led to war with Japan in 1904 (see Russo-Japanese War). Russia's defeat by Japan ruined the monarchy's prestige and led to the development of an opposition movement that for a time included almost all sectors of Russian society. In January 1905, in an event that became known as Bloody Sunday, unarmed crowds demanding radical constitutional and social reforms were shot down by the army near the emperor's palace in Saint Petersburg (see Russian Revolution of 1905). In the wake of this event, riots and demonstrations broke out throughout the country. Workers went on strike, soldiers mutinied, peasants attacked landlords, and students and members of the middle class demanded constitutional government and so cial reform. To appease opposition moderates and regain support for the regime, Nicholas was forced to promise a constitution in October 1905. Although he retained control over the executive branch and extensive legislative powers, wide-ranging civil rights, including freedom of speech and assembly, were promised, and an elected legislative assembly, the Duma, was created. But when the first two Dumas demanded parliamentary control over the government and the expropriation of noble land, Nicholas supported a drastic and unconstitutional limitation of the electoral law in June 1907. This allowed him to achieve a Duma with very few members of left-wing parties, which were the groups demanding the most radical reforms. Nicholas found it much easier to collaborate with the landowner-dominated Third and Fourth Dumas. Important military, educational, social insurance and, above all, agrarian reforms were enacted. Up to this time, peasant households had been allotted strips of land, but the land was collectively owned by village communes (Lynch, 2000). Under land reforms advanced by Prime Minister Stolypin, the peasants were allowed to claim ownership of their land and leave the communes. As in the previous decade, economic growth was spectacular. Class conflict in the towns remained acute, however, and the immediate result of Stolypin's agrarian reforms was, if anything, to increase the radicalism of most of the peasantry and their determination to seize all noble land if given the chance. The

Choose a company that is listed on the London Stock Exchange. The Essay

Choose a company that is listed on the London Stock Exchange. The company should have a sustainability report - Essay Example It includes some data like 90% relationship managers are ready to help the customers after the business has taken place, more than 95% of the employees go though the training of anti money laundering. It has funded 200 million pounds for effective carbon reduction as a corporate social responsibility. It has also provided MoneySense lesion to more than 340000 young people. It has donated 3 million pounds to those organisations which help young women and people to start their own business. It always consults with and listens to its stakeholders’ problems and shows transparency in every operation in the business. To being a good employer it provides all types of tools and support to the employees that they can do their jobs efficiently and can improve themselves continuously (RBS Group, 2012, p.3). Critical evaluation on the techniques that are used by the company to discharge its social and environmental accountability to society RBS considers sustainability as its main focus a rea to achieve the goals and it makes sure that any problem that has happened in the past will not happen again in future. Corporate Governance RBS has built its sustainability on a strong governance framework which gives a clear picture of the strategic development activities of the company. It has Group Sustainability Committee (GSC) which is monitored by the senior independent director Sandy Crombie. It also includes other non executive directors from all business areas. The GSC has conducted various developmental programs within the company. In the year 2012, it has reviewed the overall strategies and policies of sustainability towards social, ethical and environmental issues. In 2013 it has solved various issues regarding customer and citizenship activities. Now GSC will look after the issues and challenges of managers in resolving various sustainability and environmental issues relating to all shareholders groups (RBS Group, 2012, p.34). Environmentally efficient operations RB S has measured the progress against their targets to reduce the impact on environment. It has made firm step towards achieving all their aims by 2015-2020. It has aimed to reduce 200 million pounds costs by 2020 to achieve their environmental goals. Energy In the year 2012, RBS has reduced the energy consumption by 5.5% and they will reduce it by 15% by 2015. It has achieved this improvement by the help of their efficient energy management team. The management is continuously purchasing electricity from various new sources in UK. In 2012, 66% of the company’s electricity was from different renewable sources. Water During the year 2012, the company has reduced its water usage by 4.9% and they will reduce it by 12% by 2015. It was done by taking various initiatives in the buildings like restricting the tap flow, urinals without water. Waste The company also has a provision to recycle their wastages and has recycled 69% of the total waste in 2012. The waste management team has t aken proactive measures to reach the target in UK and US. They have also improved their process of waste collection in 2012. It will reduce 15% waste disposing in landfill

Applied Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Applied Economics - Essay Example There is a positive correlation between the aggregate demand and the changes in monetary policy. 'If the government wants to increase the quantity or the supply of money in its economy then it undertakes an "expansionary monetary" policy and similarly if it wants to reduce the quantity of money in the economy it adapts a "contractionary monetary policy. (Case & Fair, 2002)"'3 This means that if the quantity of money increases in the economy then the aggregate demand shifts outwards or to the right, i.e. more output is demanded at the same price. Conversely, if the supply of money shrinks in the economy then the aggregate demand shifts inward or to the left as a result of a decrease in demand of output at all the various levels of price in the economy. Graphically it can be as follows: 'Case & Fair (2002) explain that when the quantity of money increases in the economy then the interest rates fall due to which the cost of carrying out planned investment decreases and therefore there is higher investment expenditure. This in turn increases the output at each price level and the opposite happens when the quantity of money decreases in the economy.'4 The government also demands the output in terms of goods and services. ... 'If the government wants to increase the quantity or the supply of money in its economy then it undertakes an "expansionary monetary" policy and similarly if it wants to reduce the quantity of money in the economy it adapts a "contractionary monetary policy. (Case & Fair, 2002)"'3 This means that if the quantity of money increases in the economy then the aggregate demand shifts outwards or to the right, i.e. more output is demanded at the same price. Conversely, if the supply of money shrinks in the economy then the aggregate demand shifts inward or to the left as a result of a decrease in demand of output at all the various levels of price in the economy. Graphically it can be as follows: 'Case & Fair (2002) explain that when the quantity of money increases in the economy then the interest rates fall due to which the cost of carrying out planned investment decreases and therefore there is higher investment expenditure. This in turn increases the output at each price level and the opposite happens when the quantity of money decreases in the economy.'4 Therefore, the changes in the AD can be summed up as follows according to the changes in the quantity of money: Increase in the supply of money - Aggregate Demand shifts to its 'right.' Decrease in the supply of money - Aggregate Demand shifts to its 'left.' 3. Fiscal Policy Fiscal policy includes two components: Government spending and expenditure. Changes in the taxation policy by the government. 3.1 Government spending and expenditure The government also demands the output in terms of goods and services. Therefore, a change in the government spending or purchases influences the aggregate demand. Government spending and

EUROPEAN UNION LAW Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

EUROPEAN UNION LAW - Coursework Example If we see, there are different articles In European Law Union which states the provisions regarding the free movement of persons inside the member states. Below is the critical evaluation and advice to the plight of a polish family who moved to UK Critical Evaluation and Advise to the Family Members a) Josef’s case Jozef, you came to UK with your partner Karolina on visit and eventually planned to find a job and settle here. You demanded financial support which was not legally available to you as per UK law and also expected a fair treatment from UK as to the wage scale and employment opportunities. But the major mistake on your part is that you were not aware of the UK laws with regard to the benefits the country offers to non nationals According to European Union Treaty (2006) â€Å"The Council and the Commission shall ensure the consistency of activities undertaken on the basis of this title and the consistency of such activities with the policies of the Union and the Comm unity, and shall cooperate to that end† The thing to be noted here is that many people cross the national boundaries with less knowledge about the legal procedures of UK and end being corrupted and humiliated. Jozef , you resorted to manipulate the tax system in eagerness to make financial gains and ended up being disobedient to the legal system of the country and got imprisoned. What can be suggested here is that, while moving to a developed, wealthy and expensive nation you should have been ready to initiate hard work and thoughtfulness to follow the legal system of the country and target to achieve success in long term and not attempts short cuts and end up in trouble. Generally, the legal system of free movement of people has some reservation to the nationals as compared to the people moved from other member states.Craig & de Burca (2008,pg.743) suggests that â€Å"The meaning and the scope of the terms ‘worker’ and activity as an employed person’ shou ld be thus clarified in the light of the principles on the legal order of the community†It is important for you to know the regulation set by UK government as to the worker’s right and employment so that you do not end up in trouble due to ignorance. b)Karolina Case : Karolina you moved with Jozef to UK and planned to stay in the country with him and started looking for a job and were asked to comply with certain demands of the UK government to procure a job. You are a trained teaching professional in Poland but to attain a teaching status in UK you needed to pass the English language proficiency test. You got distressed on this demand of the government and became adamant as to not to follow the test, instead took a job of language translator. Here you are not ready to accept the reality that UK needs the proficiency in their mother tongue to qualify as the country’s teacher. This is a minimum requirement which any teacher needs to obtain to occupy a professional teaching status. You should understand that you are not in your native land but in a country where the mother tongue is English. In real sense, you have lost the opportunity to be a professional teacher just because you neglected the value of the test demanded by the country which would have helped you in building your career and life in the long run. The UK government has not created hindrance in the growth of your